Investigadores del Instituto Fraunhofer de Tecnolog\u00eda de Fabricaci\u00f3n y Materiales Avanzados IFAM de Dresde han desarrollado una pasta para el almacenamiento de hidr\u00f3geno. El instituto denomina a la masa \"pasta energ\u00e9tica\".<\/p>\n
Los investigadores tambi\u00e9n afirman que su pasta ofrece altas densidades de energ\u00eda y es adecuada para todos los veh\u00edculos, desde los patinetes el\u00e9ctricos hasta los coches. Seg\u00fan el Fraunhofer IFAM, la pasta energ\u00e9tica, basada en el hidruro de magnesio s\u00f3lido, deber\u00eda permitir almacenar qu\u00edmicamente el hidr\u00f3geno a temperatura ambiente y presi\u00f3n ambiental y volver a liberarlo cuando sea necesario. Dado que la pasta energ\u00e9tica s\u00f3lo se descompone por encima de unos 250 grados Celsius, esto funciona sin problemas incluso si, por ejemplo, un scooter equipado con la pasta se deja al sol de verano durante horas.<\/p>\n
El material de partida de la pasta de almacenamiento es \u00fanicamente magnesio en polvo, que es un elemento muy com\u00fan. A 350 grados Celsius y de cinco a seis veces la presi\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica, se hace reaccionar con hidr\u00f3geno para formar hidruro de magnesio. A continuaci\u00f3n, se produce la pasta de alimentaci\u00f3n con \u00e9ster y sal met\u00e1lica.<\/p>\n
La pasta de alimentaci\u00f3n sustituye al dep\u00f3sito de presi\u00f3n cil\u00edndrico utilizado en los coches y autobuses de pila de combustible. Por ello, el instituto afirma que esta soluci\u00f3n es adecuada para la propulsi\u00f3n por hidr\u00f3geno de veh\u00edculos m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os en los casos en los que ser\u00eda dif\u00edcil implantar un dep\u00f3sito a presi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Seg\u00fan los investigadores de Fraunhofer, el proceso de repostaje es sencillo. En lugar de conducir hasta una estaci\u00f3n de servicio, el conductor del scooter cambia un cartucho y llena agua del grifo en un dep\u00f3sito de agua. En el propio veh\u00edculo, la pasta se extrae a presi\u00f3n del cartucho y se mezcla con una cantidad de agua medida con precisi\u00f3n, en funci\u00f3n de la potencia necesaria. Esta reacci\u00f3n produce hidr\u00f3geno gaseoso, que puede convertirse en electricidad para el motor el\u00e9ctrico.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Investigadores del Instituto Fraunhofer de Tecnolog\u00eda de Fabricaci\u00f3n y Materiales Avanzados IFAM de Dresde han desarrollado una pasta para el almacenamiento de hidr\u00f3geno. El instituto llama a la masa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":148497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9927],"tags":[14074,10153,7098,1459,7097,6684],"class_list":["post-148556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-battery-fuel-cell","tag-electric-kick-scooters","tag-electric-scooters","tag-fcev","tag-fraunhofer-ifam","tag-fuel-cell","tag-hydrogen"],"acf":{"inhalt_teil2":"
Only half of the hydrogen comes from the power paste, the other half from the water in the reaction. “The energy storage density of the power paste is therefore enormous: it is much higher than that of a 700 bar pressure tank,” says Marcus Vogt, a scientist at Fraunhofer IFAM. “Compared to batteries, it even has ten times the energy storage density.” The Fraunhofer scientists even say that the driver should achieve a similar range with the power paste extrapolated to a car as they would with the same amount of petrol, if not greater.<\/p>\n
This kind of material’s advantages are fairly clear: a cartridge of the paste could theoretically be swapped out anywhere along a journey. Similarly, the researchers say the paste could significantly extend the flight time of large drones, thereby allowing them to fly for several hours rather than just 20 minutes. For forestry workers, surveyors or high-voltage electricians, this would allow the inspection of forestry or power lines with a drone. In a domestic kind of application, campers might also use the paste in a fuel cell to generate electricity to power a coffeemaker or toaster.<\/p>\n
The researchers see another major advantage of their development: the paste can flow and be pumped, so aside from cartridges and canisters, the paste can also be “filled up” at a filling station. The expensive infrastructure for gaseous hydrogen at high pressure or cryogenic liquid hydrogen at – 253 degrees Celsius would no longer be necessary.<\/p>\n
In terms of the paste’s viability, which encompasses environmental and energy balance and production and scalability, Fraunhofer IFAM is currently building a production facility at the Fraunhofer Project Center for Energy Storage Systems ZESS. This should go into operation at the end of 2021 and then produce up to four tonnes of power paste per year.<\/p>\n